Nanoscale physics of electrochemistry

Electrochemistry has been one of the interdisciplinary, which can be successfully integrated into nanotechnology. The utilization and design of electrochemical processes in nanoscience not only examine the surface properties of the nanoscale materials but also help to discover the physics that covers the scenario behind electrode mechanisms or electrode interactions at the nanoscale. The rise of nanotechnology has led to new and diverse advances in electrochemical application areas including energy storage, chemical sensors, drug delivery, biomedical technology, the pharmaceutical industry, agriculture and food technology, environmental studies, and coating and metal industries. That is why each application should be determined in terms of physical issues to introduce the facts behind electrochemical reactions. This chapter outlines the physical chemistry-based approaches happening at the electrode substrates prepared as a result of different nanomaterials combinations. Understanding the physical properties occurring via electrochemical reactions has been the goal of many studies because these properties help to display the nature of happening interactions at the electrode/electrolyte interface. Particularly, biomolecular phenomena, which study quantities of electric current, electric/chemical potential, entropy, or free energy in biosystems, are presented. This approach comprises the interactions of biomolecules, such as nucleic acids, enzymes, and proteins, with each other at the nanomaterial-derived electrodes.