Hydrogen safety/standards (national and international document standards on hydrogen energy and fuel cell)

Hydrogen is a green fuel that produces electricity and water as a by-product when it is swilled in a fuel cell with oxygen. In addition, hydrogen can be produced from both renewable energy and nonrenewable energy sources like wind, solar, biomass and natural gas, and nuclear power respectively. Its energy applications are very diverse and can be applied to the transportation sector and energy generation. Hyundai and Toyota are already manufacturing semi-trucks and vans that are hydrogen-powered to aid in global distribution. Cities such as Vancouver, London, Beijing, and Chicago are experimenting with hydrogen-powered buses. The energy source can be used as backup power generation for the health sector where the energy demand needs to be continuous. Moreover, many different types of hydrogen sensors like electrochemical sensors, metal-oxide sensors, catalytic gas sensors, thermal conductivity sensors, and optical sensors have surfaced, most using the alloy of palladium, and differ from the others based on the characteristics such as high sensitivities, wide range concentrations, stability standing, etc. In this chapter, we are representing the overview of hydrogen energy, applications, and its safety standards followed by different countries like the United States, Canada, Asian countries, European countries, etc. Currently in the United States, two international Standards Development Organizations (SDOs) are developing and producing most domestic codes and standards, they cooperate with both the private and public sector to establish standards. Furthermore, the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) shed light on consensus building and recommended that only one standard should be developed for each technology since this will aid in the standardization of international standards.