Exploiting laser-direct energy deposition for customized components: H13 and 316L functionally graded materials

Among the Additive Manufacturing processes, one of the most intriguing technologies to produce customized components is Laser-Direct Energy Deposition (L-DED), which uses a focused laser beam to fuse metallic powders as they are deposited onto a substrate. L-DED can be used to manufacture new parts, apply coatings, repair damaged components, and produce items with tailored compositions and unique properties. The latter are called Functionally Graded Materials (FGMs), a new class of high-performing materials that is gaining great attention in both industry and academia due to their potential, for example, in the field of tooling, offering the possibility to repair damaged molds instead of replacing them. This research aims to enrich the landscape of L-DED production of FGM components with custom and tailored properties. H13 tool steel and 316L stainless steel are suitable for these purposes and are the materials used. Samples were designed, printed and characterized, obtaining satisfactory results.