Stability Analysis on Mixed Convection Nanofluid Flow in a Permeable Porous Medium with Radiation and Internal Heat Generation

We investigated the mixed convection boundary layer flow over a permeable surface embedded in a porous medium, filled with a nanofluid and subjected to thermal radiation, magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) and internal heat generation. The nanofluid consists of water (H2O) as the base fluid and nanoparticles such as copper (Cu), aluminium oxide (Al2O3) and titanium dioxide (TiO2). The governing system nonlinear partial differential equations is transformed into a set of ordinary differential equations using a similarity transformation, which are then solved numerically for various parameter values. The numerical solutions are obtained using the shooting technique method and bvp4c method, via MAPLE and MATLAB, respectively. Our findings revealed that the velocity distribution decreases with the shrinking parameter, while the presence of nanoparticles enhances the respective profiles. The velocity profiles were also observed to exhibit mixed patterns influenced by magnetic, radiation, and suction parameters. Further, the solutions bifurcated into two branches prior to the shrinking parameter. A stability analysis is performed to determine the stability of the solutions between two branches. We thoroughly discussed the characteristics of the respective solutions and their stability in detail.