Energy and CO₂ saving potential of district heating system

Abstract This paper presents the energy and CO 2 saving potential of existing district heating energy system. Analysed system fully rely on fuel oil, with significant energy losses, increased fuel consumption and CO 2 emission resulting from outdated and oversized system and fuel with high greenhouse emission factor. Heat generation and thermal energy distribution systems efficiency are assessed, showing that overall system efficiency is 48.5%. System environmental impact is shown via absolute CO 2 and specific CO 2 emission per heated surface area and useful energy. The study proposes retrofit measures to improve system efficiency, reduce fuel consumption, introduce low-emission fuels, and lower the system’s environmental impact. The study finds that the implementation of these measures could reduce system energy consumption by 42.7%, absolute CO 2 emissions by 52%, and specific CO 2 indicators as well, highlighting the potential for reducing the environmental impact of district heating systems while meeting users energy needs.