The impact of postinjection urinary tract infection on efficacy of intravesical onabotulinumtoxinA—A secondary analysis

Abstract Objectives To compare treatment response in women who did and did not develop a urinary tract infection (UTI) within 14 days after intravesical onabotulinumtoxinA injections for treatment of refractory urgency urinary incontinence (UUI). Methods This is a secondary analysis of women who received Onabotulinumtoxin A in the Refractory Overactive Bladder: Sacral Neuromodulation vs Botulinum Toxin Assessment (ROSETTA) Trial. Participants were grouped by presence or absence of UTI within 14 days of injection. UTI was defined as symptomatic with positive urine culture per the primary ROSETTA protocol. Our primary outcome was change from baseline in mean number of UUI episodes based on monthly 3‐day bladder diaries averaged over 6 months. We performed t tests and chi‐square/Fisher's exact for continuous and categorical variables. A p value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results Of 187 participants in the onabotulinumtoxinA arm, 10 (5.3%) experienced UTI within 14 days of injection, and 177 (94.7%) did not. At baseline, groups did not differ in demographics, mean UUI episodes per day (no UTI [5.37 ± 2.65] vs. UTI [6.40 ± 3.02], p = 0.24), or other diary parameters. For our primary outcome, groups did not differ in the change in mean daily UUI episodes at 1 month (no UTI [−4.29 ± 2.75] vs. UTI [−3.74 ± 2.01]; mean difference [95% confidence interval, CI] −0.55 [−2.39 to 1.28], p : 0.55) or 6 months (no UTI [−3.63 ± 2.89] vs. UTI [−2.15 ± 3.18]; mean difference [95% CI] −1.48 [−3.44 to 0.48], p : 0.14). Conclusions UTI within 14 days after intravesical injection of onabotulinumtoxinA for refractory UUI was not significantly associated with inferior treatment response at 1 or 6 months.