Biomethanation for Energy Security and Sustainable Development

In the decade of technology development, evolution in the environment occurs at the faster pace with the excessive and indiscriminate use of natural resources. The pressure on the existing energy reserves puts thirst on alternative, economically viable, environmentally safe, and ecologically efficient basis of energy in fulfilling the world energy demand. The sector of renewable energy plays crucial role in presenting the environmental and economic benefits. Biogas technology serves as a striking tool in conversion of biological waste into energy which improves lives, livelihood, and ecosystem. The biogas produced through anaerobic fermentation of agricultural and allied biomass wastes offers energy from conventional purpose to production of electricity. Biogas constitutes 55–65% of methane, 35–45% of carbon dioxide with the typical calorific value of 21–24 MJ/m3. However, there are several hurdles in the implementation of biogas technologies, and an appropriate approach of marketing policy, multiprofit model, and business option should be made available to address the market value of biogas. This chapter suggests that biomethanation of crop residues should be demonstrated and promoted for energy security and a sustainable economy.