Energy Consumption and Carbon Emission of Residential Areas in Changsha Based on Local Climate Zone Scheme

In response to the issues of significant growth in energy consumption and continuous increase in carbon emissions in residential buildings due to the global warming and rapid urbanization, a method combining local climate zone (LCZ) scheme, bottom-up physical modelling, and DeST-h numerical simulation has been adopted to analyze the spatial distribution characteristics of local climate zones (LCZ), as well as the energy consumption and carbon emissions of residential buildings of Changsha. The results indicate that the annual cumulative carbon emissions per unit area of open residential buildings in Changsha are: LCZ-6 > LCZ-5 > LCZ-4. LCZ-4 has the lowest annual cumulative carbon emissions per unit (28.19 kg CO2 m−2a−1). The annual cumulative carbon emissions per square kilometer of residential buildings in Changsha are LCZ-4 > LCZ-5 > LCZ-6. The carbon emission distribution map of residential buildings generated in the study help contribute to theoretical guidance for the low-carbon development of Changsha.