Neuroprotective effects of phytonutrients at gene level

Neurodegeneration is indeed the gradual decline of neuronal function and structure leading to considerable pathologies. Such copious disorder includes Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, stroke, schizophrenia, and Huntington's disease, etc. The main and prime culprit for neurodegenerative disorders is aging and senescence as well as other shared abnormalities like oxidative stress and inflammatory consequences. Regrettably, treating neurodegeneration is quite challenging and there's no effective therapy. The exponential increase of neurodegenerative disorders that aggravate the load and the simultaneous unavailability of appropriate therapeutic approaches compels investigators to uncover extra treatment options that essentially target neurodegeneration underlying causes. Phytonutrients can confer their neuroprotective effects by approaching various mechanisms. Such an underlying mechanism and pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders include apoptosis of desired cells, strategies to resolve the abnormal accumulation and misfolding of proteins, management of reactive oxygen species, tackling neuroinflammation, deficiency of neurotrophic factors, and targeting mitochondrial function disruption. Hence, this chapter focuses on a brief detail of neurodegenerative ailments, phytochemicals, and the beneficial effects of multifunctional phytonutrients as neuroprotective agents against neurodegenerative disorders. In addition to it, the targeting of pathological sequels of neurodegenerative disorders via these phytochemicals and their molecular mechanism at the gene level is also underpinned.