Fundamentals of photoelectrochemical bioanalysis

Current chapter describes the emerging applications of photoelectrochemical (PEC) bioanalysis in various fields such as biosensor. PEC analysis is a detection technique which has been applied by the researchers and industrialists in the detection of PEC signals. PEC shows their advantages as simple equipment, high sensitivity, low background signal, and easy miniaturization. In PEC detection, light is used as an excitation source while current or voltage is measured as the output detection signal. The aim to write this chapter is to emphasize a panoramic study as a wide developing field, with special focus on PEC DNA analysis, enzymatic biosensing, immunoassay, and cell-related detection. The popularity of PEC bioanalysis has increased enormously within the analytical community due to its desirable benefits and appealing possibilities in future. At the end, the current challenges and some future perspectives in this field are discussed which will be helpful for newcomers.