The analysis of Upper tract Urinary Stone Composition in HIV-positive Patients: a single center experience

Abstract Background To appraise the most common stone composition, serum and urinary biochemical features in HIV-positive patients with urolithiasis. Methods We retrospectively searched the records of HIV-positive patients in our stone registry. A retrospective study was generated from our registry. Collecting statistics about fundamental indexes and analyzing them is our basic procedure. Medications were considered. Groups were compared using the Student t and chi-square/Fisher exact tests with significance considered at p < 0.05. Results In total of 101 patients were included age, gender, Body Mass Index(BMI), serum calcium, serum uric acid(UA), stone position, and operative method were statistically described. The serum UA of HIV-positive group was higher than that of the negative group (P = 0.028). Patients with HIV-infected had a higher incidence of calcium oxalate dehydrate (CaODH) (p < 0.001). The evaluation of overall stone composition showed that the number of CaODH was higher in HIV-positive group (21.4% vs 8.5%, p < 0.001). There was no significant difference in single calcium oxalate monohydrate(CaOMH) (p = 0.146), and UA (p = 0.7) between the two groups. Conclusions In our study the highest stone proportion in HIV patients is calcium oxalate (CaO). HIV positive patients should pay attention to the diet, especially the food containing more calcium. In HIV-positive patients, the level of serum UA should be controlled accordingly. In the development of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HARRT), for low-risk patients, it may not be necessary to consider too much the factors of protease inhibitors (PIs) and other drugs forming urinary calculus.