Surface-Sensitive Detection of Magnetic Phase Transition in Van Der Waals Magnet CrSBr

2D magnets have recently drawn enormous interest. As an air-stable A-type van der Waals antiferromagnet (AFM), CrSBr has attracted great attention but has also led to controversies about its large-span ordering temperatures. Herein, a systematic study of the magnetic phase transition in single-crystalline CrSBr with ultrahigh-quality through surface-sensitive X-ray magnetic linear dichroism and X-ray magnetic circular dichroism measurements combined with vibrating sample magnetometry for characterization of bulk magnetization is reported. The interlayer AFM order of both surface and bulk CrSBr is revealed to maintain a similar Neel temperature within the range of 132-142 K. However, the intralayer ferromagnetic (FM) order of surface CrSBr is found to sustain up to approximate to 238 K, 70 K higher than the value obtained from the bulk CrSBr, demonstrating a dramatically different surface and bulk Curie temperature in CrSBr. Moreover, a half-filled t2g electronic state for Cr3+ ions with magnetic moment of approximate to 3 mu B/Cr in CrSBr is clearly identified. These results enrich the understanding of the electronic structure and magnetism in CrSBr, providing this material as a promising building block for future spintronic devices. Combining surface-sensitive X-ray magnetic linear dichroism and X-ray magnetic circular dichroism measurements with bulk-sensitive vibrating sample magnetometry characterization, the authors unambiguously identify similar Neel temperature but dramatically different Curie temperature for surface and bulk in CrSBr. This result enriches understanding of intrinsic magnetism in CrSBr and provides this material to be a promising building block for future spintronic devices.image