Structure, dielectric, optical and magnetic properties of xBiFeO₃-(1-x)PbZr_0.9Ti_0.1 O₃ composites

The xBiFeO(3)-(1-x)PbZr0.9Ti0.1O3 composites synthesized by the solid-phase reaction were characterized using complex methods to determine their structure and physical properties. According to the results of X-ray diffraction analysis, it was found that the synthesized composites have a rhombohedral perovskite structure with the space symmetry group R3c, and there are no impurities or second phases present in either the ferrite or ferroelectric phases. According to the results of impedance spectroscopy, it was found that the nature of the relaxation in the composites is non-Debye, suggesting a complex conduction mechanism involving multiple relaxation processes. With an increasing proportion of ferroelectric PbZr0.9Ti0.1O3 (PZT) phase, the composites exhibit dual-arc behavior in the Cole-Cole diagrams obtained from the impedance spectroscopy measurements. The dual-arc behavior shows the contribution of both the bulk (grain) and grain boundary to the conduction mechanism in the temperature range of 160-230 degrees C. The dynamics of the crystal lattice in the composites were studied using optical and FTIR spectroscopy. The magnetization curves M(H) of the composites are characterized by weak ferromagnetism, which is due to the substitution of (Ti/Zr)(4+) by Fe3+ in the crystal lattice. This substitution leads to structural distortions and the appearance of ferromagnetic ordering in the composite materials.