Data-Driven Injection Attack Against Discrete-Time Intelligent Automation Systems With Slowly Time-Varying Delays

This paper addresses data-driven injection attack against unknown intelligent automation systems (IASs) with slowly time-varying delays, which is a more general but also more challenging to deal with than the model-based real-time systems. Using the control input and system output measurements, several new data-driven injection attack strategies based on compact form dynamic linearization (CFDL) and incremental triangular dynamic linearization (ITDL) are proposed. The attack strategies are more general than the existing ones, taking into account the unknown model parameters and time-varying delays in control-to-actuator as well as sensor-to-controller data transmission channels. Consequently, the new design attack results are anticipated to have wider applicability. Based on the established attack models of CFDL and ITDL, the data-driven optimal parameter estimation algorithms are employed to overcome the difficulty of the unknown model. Furthermore, with the help of the principle of the linear regression equation, the problem of seeking partial derivatives for the attack inputs with time delays is avoided. Several examples are presented to illustrate the validity of the designed attack strategies.