Intracranial hemorrhage outcomes in the Latin American Stroke Registry

Background: Intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) carries a significant morbidity and mortality burden; however, there is scarce information in Latin American. Objective: To analyze the functional prognosis and mortality rates among participants in the Latin American Stroke Registry (LASE). Methods: Eighteen centers across Latin American compiled data on demographics, vascular risk factors, clinical stroke description, ancillary tests, and functional outcomes in hospital stay of patients included from January 2012 to January 2017. All these variables were analyzed based on functional outcome at hospital discharge. Results: We included 495 patients with ICH, representing 10.3% of all collected stroke subtypes in LASE. The median in-hospital stay was 9 days (interquartile range, 1-30); 285 (57.6%) were male (median age, 62 years) and 210 female (median age, 65 years). A poor functional outcome (modified Rankin scale, 3-6) was observed in 214 (43.2%) patients, with 62.5% of women (p < 0.009). Mortality was documented in 12.5% of ICH patients. The Kaplan-Meier survival curves presented difference in mortality, with higher frequency in patients > 80 years (HR 1.89, 95%CI 1.07-3.35, p = 0.028), with GCS < 8 (HR 0.19, 95%CI 0.11-0.33, p = < 0.001), ventricular irruption (HR 1.88, 95%CI 1.09-3.24, p = 0.0282), and hematoma volume > 30 cc (HR 2.36, 95%CI 1.17 - 4.77, p = 0.016). Conclusions: Our study demonstrates a poor functional prognosis in 43.2% of ICH patients, with the risk factors for higher mortality being age over 80 years, higher GCS values, and ventricular irruption in the LASE. Our collaborative study contributes substantial insight into the factors influencing ICH occurrence, prognosis, and outcomes in Latin America.