The potential role of herbal medicine and nutraceutical in neuroinflammatory disorders: A mechanistic insight via multisignaling cascades

Neuroinflammation is currently recognized as a principal pathological component of practically all neurological disorders. The hallmarks of neuroinflammation are described by reactive states of astrocytes, microglia, and the recruitment of the leukocytes. Herbal medicine and nutraceutical have recently gained importance owing to their multitargeted nature. Phytochemicals signify a potential therapeutic approach for the prevention and cure of neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, Huntington's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, ischemic stroke, and neuropathic pain via the multisignaling pathway. In this review, we emphasized the neuroprotective potential of herbal medicine and nutraceutical in neuroinflammatory disorders. Most prominently, this review confers about the antineuroinflammatory potential of phytochemicals via the modulation of the vital glial signaling (NF-κB, JAK/STAT, MAPKs, PPAR-γ, Nrf2, and PI3K/Akt). Well-designed clinical trials are mandatory to evaluate the neuroprotective benefits of phytochemicals as promising future drugs in the management of neuroinflammatory disorders.