Impact of Pulse Modulation for Moses Ho: YAG Laser Lithotripsy in Urinary Tract Model

Ho: YAG laser lithotripsy had become the golden standard to treat stone disease because of its efficiency, versatility, and safety since it was applied to urology [1]. Pulse modulation of the Ho: YAG laser is known to have a significant effect on the efficiency of lithotripsy efficiency. It has been reported that the long pulse mode causes smaller retropulsion compared to the short pulse mode [2], [3]. Retropulsion is known to reduce the efficiency of lithotripsy and increase surgical time [4]. To reduce retropulsion, a new technique known as the Moses technique has been introduced [5]. However, the bubble characteristics and the efficiency of lithotripsy according to pulse modulation in Moses mode have not been validated [6]. In this study, we analysed the bubble characteristics and the efficiency of lithotripsy according to the pulse modulation in Moses mode.