Stress-independent delay time in yielding of dilute colloidal gels

We investigate the yielding under shear for dilute poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide-co-fumaric acid) (PNIPAM-FAc) colloidal gels obtained above the volume phase transition temperature. In this temperature range, the microgel suspensions form colloidal gels due to hydrophobic interparticle interactions under appropriate pH and ionic strength conditions. Step-strain tests revealed that yielding occurs when the applied strain exceeds a specific threshold, requiring a finite, stress-independent delay time (tD). This is distinct from previous findings on delayed yielding in other colloidal gels, where tD decreases with increasing stress. In the start-up shear tests, yield strain (gamma y) at a higher strain rate (00001100000011000000000000110010010100100001001000010100000101000001100000010000000100000010000000100000) increases with escalating , while gamma y at lower remains constant. This characteristic gamma y- relationship is successfully explained by a simple model using the stress-independent tD value without an adjustable fitting parameter. The distinctive yielding behavior, underscored by a stress-independent tD, is expected to originate from strain-induced macroscopic phase separation into a dense colloidal gel and water, observable separately from rheological measurements. Attractive poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide-co-fumaric acid) colloidal gels experience yielding under sufficiently high strain. Unlike other gels, the delay time for yielding is stress-independent, not decreasing with increasing stress.