Genetic insights: mapping sex-specific loci in Siamese cobra ( Naja kaouthia ) sheds light on the putative sex determining region

The location of female-specific/linked loci identified in Siamese cobra ( Naja kaouthia ) previously has been determined through in silico chromosome mapping of the Indian cobra genome ( N. naja ) as a reference genome. In the present study, we used in silico chromosome mapping to identify sex-specific and linked loci in Siamese cobra. Many sex-specific and sex-linked loci were successfully mapped on the Z sex chromosome, with 227 of the 475 specific loci frequently mapped in a region covering 57 Mb and positioned at 38,992,675–95,561,177 bp of the Indian cobra genome ( N. naja ). This suggested the existence of a putative sex-determining region (SDR), with one specific locus (PA100000600) homologous to the TOPBP1 gene. The involvement of TOPBP1 gene may lead to abnormal synaptonemal complexes and meiotic chromosomal defects, resulting in male infertility. These findings offer valuable insights into the genetic basis and functional aspects of sex-specific traits in the Siamese cobra, which will contribute to our understanding of snake genetics and evolutionary biology.