Fiber-Integrated Force Sensor using 3D Printed Spring-Composed Fabry-Perot Cavities with a High Precision Down to Tens of Piconewton

Developing microscale sensors capable of force measurements down to the scale of piconewtons is of fundamental importance for a wide range of applications. To date, advanced instrumentations such as atomic force microscopes and other specifically developed micro/nano-electromechanical systems face challenges such as high cost, complex detection systems and poor electromagnetic compatibility. Here, it presents the unprecedented design and 3D printing of general fiber-integrated force sensors using spring-composed Fabry-Perot cavities. It calibrates these microscale devices employing varied-diameter mu$\umu$ m-scale silica particles as standard weights. The force sensitivity and resolution reach values of (0.436 +/- 0.007) nmnN-1 and (40.0 +/- 0.7) pN, respectively, which are the best resolutions among all fiber-based nanomechanical probes so far. It also measured the non-linear airflow force distributions produced from a nozzle with an orifice of 2 mu$\umu$ m, which matches well with the full-sized simulations. With further customization of their geometries and materials, it anticipates the easy-to-use force probe can well extend to many other applications such as air/fluidic turbulences sensing, micro-manipulations, and biological sensing. A fiber-integrated force probe using a spring FP cavity for general-uses is proposed. The force-sensitivity and resolution reach (0.436 +/- 0.007) nmnN-1 and (40.0 +/- 0.7) pN, respectively, representing the highest precisions among all fiber-based nanomechanical probes. Typically, it uses the sensor to explore the micro-scale nonlinear problems in fluid mechanics. It anticipates the easy-to-use force probe will generate significant impacts for accurate force-detection.image