A family of iterative methods to solve nonlinear problems with applications in fractional differential equations

In this work, first, a family of fourth-order methods is proposed to solve nonlinear equations. The methods satisfy the Kung-Traub optimality conjecture. By developing the methods into memory methods, their efficiency indices are increased. Then, the methods are extended to the multi-step methods for finding the solutions to systems of problems. The formula for the order of convergence of the multi-step iterative methods is 2p, where p is the step number of the methods. It is clear that computing the Jacobian matrix derivative evaluation and its inversion are expensive; therefore, we compute them only once in every cycle of the methods. The important feature of these multi-step methods is their high-efficiency index. Numerical examples that confirm the theoretical results are performed. In applications, some nonlinear problems related to the numerical approximation of fractional differential equations (FDEs) are constructed and solved by the proposed methods.