Optimal Coordination of Hydrogen-Enabled Integrated Energy Systems Considering Geothermal Energy

Hydrogen-enabled integrated energy systems (HIES) are considered as the most promising choice to address the mismatch inherent of renewable energy supply and demand. However, the heating supply of the HIES depends on fuel cells, and its heating generation is coupled with its power generation. It makes the emission reduction of the energy supply in the cold regions with the HIES uneconomic and inefficient, since the heating demand is very large. In this paper, the optimal coordination of the HIES considering geothermal energy is proposed for operation cost saving and carbon emission reduction in cold regions. The system utilizes hydrogen, geothermal energy and various energy storage devices to mitigate seasonal imbalance, improve the utilization of solar energy and ensure the sustainability. The problem is formulated as a mixed integer linear programming problem (MILP) with yearly time horizon. It is solved through the twelve clustered typical days to improve computation efficiency. Numerical testing results show that the developed method can efficiently meet the energy demand in the cold regions, achieve nearly 100% both operation cost saving and carbon emission and compensate both the short- and long-term fluctuation in renewable energy supply and demand.