Sulfidation of zero-valent iron for enhanced reduction of chlorinated contaminants: A review on the reactivity, selectivity, and interference resistance

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL(2023)

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摘要
Chlorinated hydrocarbons (CHCs) are of worldwide concerns for posing environmental and health issues, especially in soil and groundwater systems. The emergence of sulfidized zero-valent iron (S-ZVI) has boosted the development of remediation techniques for the removal of CHCs. Recent studies summarized a state-of-the-art understanding of the fundamental characteristics for enhanced reactivity of S-ZVI, which provide valuable insights into the mechanisms for sulfidation enhanced reactivity, selectivity, and interference resistance. These aspects are significant in advancing the rational design and field application of S-ZVI for groundwater remediation. This review aims to comprehensively apprehend the key aspects of S-ZVI, focusing on the sulfidation induced physicochemical properties for enhanced dechlorination performance of ZVI. The CHCs treatment and dechlorination pathways were summarized. The mechanisms of sulfidation enhanced dechlorination were explored with a particular emphasis on selectivity, and the comparison of dechlorination performance was made with other modifications, including the ZVI particles modified by transition metals, nitride, and carbon materials. In addition, a better understanding of the impacts of aging and potential interference in actual groundwater, notably co-existing ions and contaminants, on the dechlorination by S-ZVI are provided. Hopefully, this review will inspire the development of groundwater remediation by S-ZVI-based materials.
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关键词
Chlorinated hydrocarbons,Sulfidized zero-valent iron,Reactivity,Electron utilization efficiency,Interference resistance
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