Exploring biotechnological approaches on in vitro callus induction and evaluation of biomedicinal properties of Cleome gynandra L.

In the present study, indirect organogenesis method was adopted for the production of callus from stem and leaf explants of Cleome gynandra using MS media. Production of callus using stem and leaf explants revealed that the highest dry biomass was achieved with the addition of IBA and 2,4-D in MS medium resulting in values of 180.33 and 190 mg, respectively. Antibacterial study inferred that methanol extract of C. gynandra callus exerted significantly pronounced inhibitory zones (8-16 mm) with minimal bacteriostatic (50-125 mu g ml(-1)) and bactericidal (75-150 mu g ml(-1)). Biofilm inhibitory activity revealed that callus extract surpassed leaf extract and showed > 80% biofilm inhibition, as confirmed by microscopic analysis. The callus extract also exhibited a relatively higher total phenolic content, while the leaf extract showed stronger antioxidant activity. Haemolysis analysis indicated that it was comparatively lower in callus extract and thus substantiating its biocompatibility. Phytochemical profile showed a meagre difference between the extracts. Cytotoxicity of the callus extracts against Artemia nauplii registered LC50 value of 53.71 mu g ml(-1). Partial purification and TLC bioautography evidenced Methanol: Acetone: Petroleum ether (8:1:1) as the most effective solvent system against the bacterial pathogens. GC-MS analysis substantiated benzofuran, sesquiterpenoids, fatty acids, diterpenes, hydrocarbons and alkanes as the major chemical constituents.