Study of the Structural, Electrical, and Mechanical Properties and Morphological Features of Y-Doped CeO₂ Ceramics with Porous Structure

In this work, ceramic samples of cerium oxide doped with yttrium were investigated. The concentration of a dopant Y(NO3)(3) varied from 5 to 25 wt% in the initial charge. In the course of the experiment, a simple method was developed to obtain ceramics with a porosity of similar to 20% via one-step annealing in air in a muffle furnace. For comparison, samples with two annealings were also synthesized to determine the effects of pores on electrical, structural, and mechanical characteristics. The obtained samples were examined via X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, dielectric spectroscopy, and Vickers microhardness measurements. The substitution of Ce4+ ions with Y3+ ions led to a significant decrease in the lattice parameter, average crystallite size, and average grain size, with a simultaneous increase in the lattice defectivity, dielectric constant, electrical conductivity, and microhardness values. It is shown that samples with a dopant weight fraction of 0.05-0.15 and one-step annealing have favorable electrical and mechanical characteristics for energy applications as porous materials with ionic conductivity.