Near-Field Positioning and Attitude Sensing Based on Electromagnetic Propagation Modeling
IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications(2023)
摘要
Positioning and sensing over wireless networks are imperative for many
emerging applications. However, since traditional wireless channel models
over-simplify the user equipment (UE) as a point target, they cannot be used
for sensing the attitude of the UE, which is typically described by the spatial
orientation. In this paper, a comprehensive electromagnetic propagation
modeling (EPM) based on electromagnetic theory is developed to precisely model
the near-field channel. For the noise-free case, the EPM model establishes the
non-linear functional dependence of observed signals on both the position and
attitude of the UE. To address the difficulty in the non-linear coupling, we
first propose to divide the distance domain into three regions, separated by
the defined Phase ambiguity distance and Spacing constraint distance. Then, for
each region, we obtain the closed-form solutions for joint position and
attitude estimation with low complexity. Next, to investigate the impact of
random noise on the joint estimation performance, the Ziv-Zakai bound (ZZB) is
derived to yield useful insights. The expected Cramér-Rao bound (ECRB) is
further provided to obtain the simplified closed-form expressions for the
performance lower bounds. Our numerical results demonstrate that the derived
ZZB can provide accurate predictions of the performance of estimators in all
signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) regimes. More importantly, we achieve the
millimeter-level accuracy in position estimation and attain the 0.1-level
accuracy in attitude estimation.
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关键词
Near-field positioning,electromagnetic propagation model,expected Cramér-Rao bound,electric field,joint position and attitude estimation,Ziv-Zakai bound
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