Comparison of clinical outcomes and second-look hysteroscopy of the complete and incomplete septate uterus after hysteroscopic septoplasty

Purpose Septate uterus is the most common congenital uterine malformation. This retrospective cohort study compared clinical outcomes and second-look hysteroscopy findings in patients with complete and incomplete septate uteri after septoplasty. Methods We reviewed the medical records of patients with a septate uterus who underwent hysteroscopic septoplasty and second-look hysteroscopy at the West China Second University Hospital between September 2013 and September 2021. Information regarding pregnancy outcomes was collected through telephone interviews. The independent samples t-test, Mann–Whitney U test, Pearson’s chi-square test, and Fisher’s exact test were used to explore the differences between the complete and incomplete septate uterus groups. Results A total of 64 patients were enrolled in this study . There was no significant difference in intrauterine adhesion (IUA) rates (16.7% and 32.1%), pregnancy rates (44.1% and 42.9%), term delivery rates (35.3% and 32.1%), premature delivery rates (2.9% and 0), placenta previa rates (2.9% and 3.6%), placenta implantation/adhesion rates (5.9% and 3.6%), and premature rupture of membranes rates (2.9% and 0) between the complete and the incomplete group after hysteroscopic septoplasty ( P > 0.05). Endometrial polyps in the septate uterus were common, with an incidence of 33.3% and 25% in the complete and incomplete groups, respectively ( P > 0.05). Conclusion The pregnancy outcomes of complete and incomplete septate uteri after hysteroscopic septoplasty were similar. There was no statistical difference in IUAs after surgery. Different treatment strategies may not be required for complete or incomplete septate uteri.