Operation of Energy Storage System in Renewable-Integrated Electrical Energy Grids: Consideration of Line and Generation Contingencies Besides Exploring Demand-Side Management

The accumulation of excess energy in energy networks alongside the mitigating alternating output effects associated with renewable energy sources can be accomplished by employing energy storage systems. The economic incentive for these goals could be provided by the deployment of demand response programs. However, power transactions between the energy storage system and other sectors of the power system could bring challenging issues like the line and generation outage contingencies. Therefore, in this paper, a contingency-constrained optimal power flow model is proposed in which the effects of deploying demand response programs in wind energy-integrated power systems are explored. This exploration is carried out when energy storage systems are coordinated with wind energy sources and when they are coordinated with the whole network. Furthermore, for presenting a more realistic model the fluctuating nature of wind energy is modeled by chance constraints. Extensive numerical studies are executed and results are discussed in depth.