PbPDCB16-mediated callose deposition affects the plasmodesmata blockage and reduces lignification in pear fruit

Stone cell, a type of lignified cell, is a unique trait in pear and one of the key factors affects pear fruit quality and economic value. The transmissibility of cell lignification process has been proven to exist, however the effects of callose on the permeability of plasmodesmata (PD) and how to influence cell lignification processes are still unknown. In this study, the genome-wide analysis of PD callose binding proteins (PDCB) gene family in pear genome was performed, and 25 PbPDCB genes were identified and divided into four branches. Similar intron/ exon structural patterns were observed in the same branch, strongly supporting their close evolutionary rela-tionship. The expression of PbPDCB16 was negatively correlated with lignin accumulation through qRT-PCR analysis. With transient expression in pear fruit and stable expression in pear calli, the increased callose con-tent accompanied by decreased lignin content was further observed. Besides, compared with wild type Arabi-dopsis, the transgenic plants grew slowly, and cell walls in the stem were thinner, while fewer PDs were observed on the cell walls, and the interspore filaments were also blocked in transgenic Arabidopsis through the trans-mission electron microscope (TEM). In summary, overexpression of PbPDCB16 could promote accumulation of callose at PD to affect the PD-mediated intercellular connectivity, and inhibit the intercellular communication. This study will provide new insight in reducing the lignin content through callose deposition, and also provide the theoretical basis for further exploration of lignin metabolism and cell wall lignification to form stone cells in pear fruit.