Relativistic perturbation theory for black-hole boson clouds
arXiv (Cornell University)(2023)
摘要
Linear perturbations around black hole spacetimes can be quasinormal, quasibound, or even superradiantly unstable, the latter leading to the formation of macroscopic boson clouds. Here, we develop a relativistic perturbation theory for boson clouds around rotating black holes that supersedes the non-relativistic "gravitational atom" approximation and brings close agreement with numerical relativity. We first introduce a relativistic product and corresponding orthogonality relation between (massive) scalar modes, which extends a recent result for gravitational perturbations, and forms the basis for our framework. We then derive the analog of time-dependent perturbation theory in quantum mechanics. As a demonstration, we apply these techniques to calculate the self-gravitational frequency shift of a Kerr superradiant mode, improving the error by a factor of four (from 28% to 7%) for the largest masses considered. We thereby provide a conceptually new approach to calculate black-hole mode dynamics, with practical application for precision gravitational-wave astronomy.
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关键词
relativistic perturbation theory,clouds,black-hole
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