Observed neighborhood-scale meteorology and air quality characteristics in downtown area of Nanjing

Neighborhood-scale meteorology and air quality characteristics based on dense observation are valuable to understand the urban environment. Local climate zone (LCZ) has established a universal correlation between urban heterogeneity and meteorology, but the impact of urban heterogeneity on air quality is more complicated, which can be investigated with neighborhood-scale observation. This study collects data from 152 stations in Nanjing downtown, China. With the LCZ classification and the analysis of station's meteorology, it is found that compactness and surroundings are representative contributors. From the LCZ and observation data, five landscape compositions' meteorology and air quality are analyzed. Lakeside green space station has the best thermal comfort in the daytime due to its high wind and heat capacity. The local characteristic of ozone and NO2 is related to the local traffic demand index (determined by main road and parking lot density). Fragmented green space stations have better resistance to serious ozone pollution compared to compact and open buildings. This study shows an observed correlation of urban heterogeneity and air quality, which is instructive for the further mitigation of neighborhood-scale air pollution.