Salmonella Species Threats in Duck Meat in Egypt: Prevalence and Correlation Between Antimicrobial Resistance and Biofilm Production

SALMONELLA is a foodborne, Gram-negative bacterium able to stand the absence of oxygen and cause enteric disease in animals and humans. In addition, it is the main causative agent of most gastrointestinal diseases all over the world. In this study, we aimed to investigate the prevalence of Salmonella spp among duck meat isolated from retail shops in Mansoura city in Egypt in addition to evaluating their antimicrobial sensitivity. A total of 170 duck meat samples were sampled in different areas through Mansoura city in Egypt to identify Salmonella spp by standard isolation method. PCR gene amplification for the inva targeting gene was used to confirm suspected isolates. All the confirmed isolates were assessed for their antimicrobial resistance using a traditional disc diffusion test. Results confirmed ten isolates encoding the inva gene. The ten confirmed Salmonella spp confer 90% against the B-lactam and lincosamide family (amoxicillin and clindamycin); 40% resistance to aminoglycoside (gentamicin) and 30% was exhibited against fluoroquinolone, tetracycline, and sulphonamide (ciprofloxacin, tetracycline, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole). Meanwhile, chloramphenicol was the lowest represented in our study only one strain was found resistant against it. Biofilmforming Salmonella strains were characterized in more than half of our isolates. In conclusion, the emergence of multidrug-resistant Salmonella strains in addition to their ability to produce biofilm require urgent monitoring measures and new eradication techniques; Furthermore, it confirms the ability of duck to act as a vehicle for Salmonella strains in human besides the hazard of acquiring antimicrobial resistance via food.