DC Capacitor-Less Two-Terminal Unified Active Capacitor and Inductor

Flexible characteristics, tunable parameters, and improved power density are the desired attributes that have led to widespread research on active capacitors and inductors (ACI) in power conversion systems. However, the two-terminal realisation of ACI is challenging due to different trade-offs between power density, device stress, and reliability of the added components. Moreover, the requirement of handling second-harmonic ripple makes bulk electrolytic capacitors nearly indispensable in two-terminal ACIs. Thus, the scope of power density improvement becomes constrained. Hence, active capacitors requiring minimum or no bulk dc capacitance are seen as an attractive technology in recent literature. However, such solutions can mimic either inductive or capacitive behaviour with a single converter unit, restricting their adaptability across different applications. This limitation is addressed in this work with the proposed unified active capacitor and inductor (UACI), realised without any bulk dc capacitor. It emulates variable capacitance and inductance while offering a smooth transition from one characteristic to another. High effective impedance due to a small susceptance at the transition duty prevents undesirable current overshoot during the transition. A laboratory-scale prototype of the proposed ACI is fabricated, and the hardware is verified up to +/- 450 VAR.