Mycotoxin monitoring in Shandong province, China reveals health risks for enterohepatic diseases shifted from environment to diet: Deoxynivalenol, zearalenone and nivalenol in noodles (2019-2020)

Background and ObjectivesHigh levels of deoxynivalenol (DON) contamination in foods can raise health risks for enterohepatic diseases. Here we report our investigation into the trichothecenes (DON, 3-acetyl-deoxynivalenol, 15-acetyl-deoxynivalenol), zearalenone (ZEA) and nivalenol (NIV) showing in the wheats-processed noodles in Shandong, China (2019-2020). FindingsThe noodles contamination status of DON in Shandong was closed to that in China in the past 10 years: 4663.9 & mu;g/kg at maximum level, and a range of 57.9-618.8 & mu;g/kg by mean. However, the average levels of DON measured in the noodle samples varied largely by city. Highest levels of DON contamination were found in Binzhou: 709.09 (58.8-3220) & mu;g/kg and Weihai: 684.79 (27.6-3850) & mu;g/kg, respectively. Besides, NIV contamination were averagely 46.99 & mu;g/kg in Binzhou, and ZEA contamination up to 31.4 & mu;g/kg in Weihai, pose an increasing threat of liver/intestine inflammation associated with dietary exposure. ConclusionsThe DON contamination status of noodles in Shandong was consistent with our previous investigation in wheats and in recent 10 years in China, that increased health risks for enterohepatic diseases. Significance and NoveltyTo understand the contamination situation of DON, ZEA, and NIV in noodles, so as to assess the health risks for enterohepatic diseases caused by mycotoxin in Shandong province.