Sensitive Electrochemical Determination of Bisphenol a Using a Disposable, Electrodeposited Antimony-Graphene Nanocomposite Pencil Graphite Electrode (PGE) and Differential Pulse Voltammetry (DPV)

Herein the synergistic properties of electrochemically reduced graphene oxide-antimony nanoparticles (ERGO-SbNPs) were leveraged for the ultrasensitive determination of bisphenol A (BPA) in water samples using disposable pencil graphite rods. A novel pencil-graphite multi-electrode array was utilized as the coating tool resulting in the production of highly reproducible and disposable single-use ERGO-SbNP-coated pencil graphite rods. This coating method effectively mitigated the fouling caused by BPA by-products during oxidation. The analytical determination of BPA oxidation on the single-use ERGO-SbNP-coated pencil graphite rods demonstrated an impressive 0.0,125 & mu;M detection limit, surpassing the USEPA drinking water standard of 0.087 & mu;M. Furthermore, the developed electrochemical sensor exhibited exceptional reproducibility for BPA in tap water samples from Western Cape, South Africa with few interferences. The study's findings not only highlight the sensor's superior performance but also present a promising alternative to existing anti-fouling measures.