Darcy-Forchheimer micropolar flow of (Cu, Al₂O₃, and TiO₂) nanomaterials-based-ethylene glycol: Successive over relaxation method

Nanofluids have a crucial rule in augmentation of the heat transfer in several energy systems. Also, the whirling constituents of micropolar fluid have many practical employments in modern engineering and technology. The concerned work investigates the novel features of micropolar and nanoparticles' flow over a stretching cone under the Darcy-Forchheimer and chemical reaction effects. Our analysis covers the features of three types (Cu, Al2O3, and TiO2) on ethylene glycol-based nanofluids. The pertinence and importance of Darcy-Forchheimer flows can be found in large spectrum of engineering mechanisms like solar absorption and filtration, drainage problems, solar cells, ground stream hydrology, solar panels, and irrigation. Mathematical procedure is carried out via the Successive over Relaxation technique. The consequences evidently point out that the effect of porosity as well as Forchheimer parameter is to decelerate the azimuthal and tangential velocities. Moreover, the chemical reaction sufficiently reduces the concentration in the flow regime. NOVELTYThe thermal features of proposed nanoparticles (Cu, Al2O3, and TiO2) and the base fluid ethylene glycol have not been numerically investigated yet under the combined effects of chemical reaction and Darcy-Forchheimer medium.