Synergistic Adsorption and In Situ Catalytic Conversion of SO₂ by Transformed Bimetal-Phenolic Functionalized Biomass

Synergisticadsorption and catalytic conversion of SO2 were achievedby metal-phenolic modification of waste collagenfibers at a high efficiency with industrialization potential. SO2 removal is critical to flue gas purification.However,based on performance and cost, materials under development are hardlyadequate substitutes for active carbon-based materials. Here, we engineeredbiomass-derived nanostructured carbon nanofibers integrated with highlydispersed bimetallic Ti/CoO x nanoparticlesthrough the thermal transition of metal-phenolic functionalized industrialleather wastes for synergistic SO2 adsorption and in situcatalytic conversion. The generation of surface-SO3 (2-) and peroxide species (O-2 (2-)) by Ti/CoO x achieved catalytic conversionof adsorbed SO2 into value-added liquid H2SO4, which can be discharged from porous nanofibers. This approachcan also avoid the accumulation of the adsorbed SO2, therebyachieving high desulfurization activity and a long operating lifeover 6000 min, preceding current state-of-the-art active carbon-baseddesulfurization materials. Combined with the techno-economic and carbonfootprint analysis from 36 areas in China, we demonstrated an economicallyviable and scalable solution for real-world SO2 removalon the industrial scale.