Exact and anytime approach for solving the time dependent traveling salesman problem with time windows.

The Time Dependent (TD) Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) is a generalization of the TSP which allows one to take traffic conditions into account when planning tours in an urban context, by making the travel time between locations dependent on the departure time instead of being constant. The TD-TSPTW fur-ther generalizes this problem by adding Time Window constraints. Existing exact approaches such as Integer Linear Programming and Dynamic Programming usually do not scale well. We therefore intro-duce a new exact approach based on an anytime extension of A *. We combine this approach with local search, to converge faster towards better solutions, and bounding and time window constraint propaga-tion, to prune parts of the state space. We experimentally compare our approach with state-of-the-art approaches on both TD-TSPTW and TSPTW benchmarks.& COPY; 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.