Radial flow and differential freeze-out in proton-proton collisions at √(s) = 7 TeV at the LHC

The European Physical Journal A(2019)

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摘要
. We analyse the transverse momentum ( p_T )-spectra as a function of charged-particle multiplicity at midrapidity ( | y| < 0.5 ) for various identified particles, such as π^± , K^± , K_S^0 , p+p , ϕ , K^∗ 0 + K^∗ 0 , and Λ + Λ̅ in proton-proton collisions at √(s) = 7 TeV using Boltzmann-Gibbs Blast Wave (BGBW) model and thermodynamically consistent Tsallis distribution function. We obtain the multiplicity-dependent kinetic freeze-out temperature ( T_ kin ) and radial flow ( β ) of various particles after fitting the p T -distribution with BGBW model. Here, T_ kin exhibits mild dependence on multiplicity class while β shows almost independent behaviour. The information regarding Tsallis temperature and the non-extensivity parameter ( q are drawn by fitting the p_ T -spectra with Tsallis distribution function. The extracted parameters of these particles are studied as a function of charged particle multiplicity density ( d N_ch/ dη ). In addition to this, we also study these parameters as a function of particle mass to observe any possible mass ordering. All the identified hadrons show a mass ordering in temperature, non-extensive parameter and also a strong dependence on multiplicity classes, except the lighter particles. It is observed that as the particle multiplicity increases, the q -parameter approaches to Boltzmann-Gibbs value, hence a conclusion can be drawn that system tends to thermal equilibrium. The observations are consistent with a differential freeze-out scenario of the produced particles.
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