Lysophosphatidylserine induces necrosis in pressure overloaded male mouse hearts via G protein coupled receptor 34

Heart failure is a leading cause of mortality in developed countries. Cell death is a key player in the development of heart failure. Calcium-independent phospholipase A 2 β (iPLA 2 β) produces lipid mediators by catalyzing lipids and induces nuclear shrinkage in caspase-independent cell death. Here, we show that lysophosphatidylserine generated by iPLA 2 β induces necrotic cardiomyocyte death, as well as contractile dysfunction mediated through its receptor, G protein-coupled receptor 34 (GPR34). Cardiomyocyte-specific iPLA 2 β-deficient male mice were subjected to pressure overload. While control mice showed left ventricular systolic dysfunction with necrotic cardiomyocyte death, iPLA 2 β-deficient mice preserved cardiac function. Lipidomic analysis revealed a reduction of 18:0 lysophosphatidylserine in iPLA 2 β-deficient hearts. Knockdown of Gpr34 attenuated 18:0 lysophosphatidylserine-induced necrosis in neonatal male rat cardiomyocytes, while the ablation of Gpr34 in male mice reduced the development of pressure overload-induced cardiac remodeling. Thus, the iPLA 2 β—lysophosphatidylserine—GPR34—necrosis signaling axis plays a detrimental role in the heart in response to pressure overload.