Label-free microring biosensor with enhanced sensitivity for detection of influenza A viruses H1N1 and H9N2

In this study, a biosensor based on a central microring comprising miniature gold rings is reported for the detection of influenza avian viruses. The label-free microring resonator's design performance attributes as a function of the host analytes (viral samples) enable great sensitivity for detecting various viruses, such as H1N1 and H9N2. The microring resonator's optimised char-acteristics make the suggested biosensor sensitive to these viruses. The simulations show a sensitiv-ity of 880 nm/RIU for H1N1 and around 2025 nm/RIU for H9N2. The use of two-dimensional black phosphorus materials with higher field enhancement, biocompatibility, and a greater surface-to-volume ratio resulted in a significant increase in sensitivity of 1425 nm/RIU for detecting H9N2. The sensor is proven to be more sensitive to H9N2 than H1N1. Furthermore, the biosensor based on 2D material has a compact footprint and a larger wavelength shift for H9N2, which can accelerate the development of nano optic biosensors for rapid, sensitive, and early detection of viruses.Crown Copyright & COPY; 2023 THE AUTHORS. Published by Elsevier BV on behalf of Faculty of Engineering, Alexandria University. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).