Photonic lithotripsy: effect of gold and carbon based nanomaterials on stone comminution

You have accessJournal of UrologyCME1 Apr 2023MP05-15 PHOTONIC LITHOTRIPSY: EFFECT OF GOLD AND CARBON BASED NANOMATERIALS ON STONE COMMINUTION Ian Houlihan, Benjamin Kang, Smita De, and Vijay Krishna Ian HoulihanIan Houlihan More articles by this author , Benjamin KangBenjamin Kang More articles by this author , Smita DeSmita De More articles by this author , and Vijay KrishnaVijay Krishna More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1097/JU.0000000000003216.15AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail Abstract INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: Kidney stones affect ∼10% of individuals in the USA. The most common surgical stone treatments include laser lithotripsy by ureteroscopy and extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy. Photonic lithotripsy (PL) is a novel technology for minimally-invasive, non-contact kidney stone treatment. PL utilizes photonic nanomaterials that convert low-intensity (<5 W), near-infrared laser energy to photothermal and/or photoacoustic energy for kidney stone fragmentation. Herein we investigate the effect of different photonic nanomaterials on PL. METHODS: Human kidney stones with a size range of 2–4 mm and a composition of >70% calcium oxalate (CaOx) were obtained from the Cleveland Clinic Pathology Lab. Five different photonic nanomaterials were evaluated: gold nanoshells (AuNS), gold nanorods (AuNR), multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNT), graphene oxide (GO), and polyhydroxy fullerenes (PHF). Each nanomaterial at each laser wavelength and power setting was tested with n=10 stones. Stones were treated with photonic nanomaterials and exposed to a NIR laser (785 nm or 1320 nm) at a distance of 10 mm for three, 3-minute intervals. Multiple intervals were used to observe changes and re-expose stones to the nanomaterial solution. The treatments were considered successful if two or more fragments were produced. RESULTS: Stones predominantly CaOx based were successively fragmented using the different nanomaterials (Figure 1) when irradiated with the 1320 nm and 785 nm NIR lasers. The 1320 nm laser successfully broke >50% of stones across all nanomaterials at 4 W and >30% of stones at 3 W. The 785 nm laser successfully broke >80% of stones across all nanomaterials at 2 W. No stones were fragmented at 1 W as not enough energy was generated for failure to occur. The stones analyzed pre and post PL by FTIR and µCT showed evidence of crack formation and thermal degradation. CONCLUSIONS: Photonic nanomaterials can fragment stones using laser wavelengths that are minimally absorbed by kidney tissue, at low energy and in non-contact mode at a distance of 10 mm. Successful stone comminution with different nanomaterials is dependent upon laser wavelength and laser power. All tested nanomaterials have the ability to fragment kidney stones in an in vitro setting. Source of Funding: LRI Accelerator Grant, Cleveland Clinic Caregiver Catalyst Award, U2Csupport 1U2CDK129440 © 2023 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 209Issue Supplement 4April 2023Page: e49 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2023 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Ian Houlihan More articles by this author Benjamin Kang More articles by this author Smita De More articles by this author Vijay Krishna More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...