Tomato seed oil enriched mayonnaise: structural, rheological, and biochemical characterization

Two types of mayonnaise viz. eggless and egg based were prepared by substituting refined soybean oil by tomato seed oil (TSO) at varying concentrations (0–30%). Aim of the study was to utilise the potential of TSO in replaced of refined oil. With respect to oil particle distribution pattern in both types of mayonnaise, higher specific surface area (D mean ~ 11.49 µm) and homogenous distribution of oil droplets was noted in egg-based mayonnaise. Rheological behavior depicted shear thinning properties in all types of mayonnaise with low viscosity (1.08 Pa s and 2.29 Pa s) being exhibited by tomato seed oil (TSO) incorporated mayonnaise. Nutritionally, significant increase of 65.5 and 26% in lycopene content while 29 and 34% increase in carotenoid content was noted upon incorporation of TSO in eggless and egg-based mayonnaise. Good storage and oxidative stability were demonstrated by TSO egg-based and eggless mayonnaise in terms of acid value and free fatty acids, also the peroxide value was also found lower than their respective control at the end of storage. Overall, tomato seed oil could be used as a non-conventional source of oil for such food applications owing to its close proximity with other vegetable oils and better nutritional profile like dominance of linoleic fatty acid i.e., 54.23% assayed via gas chromatography.