Low hepatic artery resistive index on Doppler ultrasound performed on the first post-liver transplant day is associated both with hepatic artery thrombosis and decreased graft survival

Purpose Although liver transplantation (LT) outcomes have improved significantly over the last decades, early vascular complications are still associated with elevated risks of graft failure. Doppler ultrasound (DUS) enables detection of vascular complications, provides hepatic artery Resistive Index (RI). The aim of our study was to evaluate the association of the RI parameters of DUS performed in the first post-transplant week with post-transplant outcomes. Methods All consecutive patients undergoing a first LT between 2001 and 2019 at a single center were included. Patients were divided into two groups: RI < 0.55 and RI ≥ 0.55. Patients were also divided according to the presence or absence of hepatic artery thrombosis (HAT). Graft survival was compared between groups. Results Overall, 338 patients were included. HAT occurred in 23 patients (6.8%), of which 7 were partial and 16, complete. Biliary complications were more common in patients with HAT (10 [43.5%]) vs. 38 [12.1%] [p < 0.001]). Graft survival was lower for patients with HAT ( p = 0.047). Also, RI < 0.55 was associated with increased incidence of HAT ( p < 0.001). Additionally, patients with RI < 0.55 on post-operative day 1 had decreased graft survival as compared to patients with RI > 0.55 ( p = 0.041). RI on post-operative day 3 and 5 was not predictive of inferior graft outcomes. Conclusions Intensive use of DUS in the early post-LT period offers the possibility of early diagnosis of vascular complications, guiding medical and surgical management of HAT. Additionally, according to our data, low RI (< 0.55) on the first postoperative day also is a predictor of HAT and decreased graft-survival.