Functional and quality-of-life outcomes following salvage surgery for recurrent squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background Recurrent head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) are frequently managed with salvage surgery, but the impact these operations have on function and quality-of-life (QoL) is understudied. This review aimed to provide a quantitative and qualitative assessment of the functional and QoL effects of salvage surgical procedures. Methods Systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted of studies reporting QoL and function following salvage HNSCC resections. Results The search identified 415 articles and 34 were selected for inclusion. Pooled random effects analysis revealed long-term feeding and tracheostomy tube rates of 18% and 7%. Pooled long-term feeding tube rates in open oral and oropharyngeal, transoral robotic, total and partial laryngectomy surgeries were 41%, 25%, 11% and 4%. Eight studies used validated QoL questionnaires. Conclusions Functional and QoL outcomes from salvage surgery are acceptable, but appear to be worse following open procedures. Prospective studies measuring changes over time are needed to assess these procedures impact on patient well-being.