Evaluation of tourism ecological security based on DPSIRM-SBM model and its temporal–spatial evolution characteristics

The study of tourism ecological security is the internal demand of the construction of ecological civilization and the sustainable development of tourism. From the perspective of efficiency, this study builds an evaluation index system based on DPSIRM and combines it with SBM to measure the status of provincial tourism ecological security, and divides the system operation into two stages: natural operation and management feedback to comprehensively evaluate the status of tourism ecological security in each province (municipality). At the same time, the global Moran index, the local G index and the standard deviation ellipse are used to analyze the spatial–temporal distribution. The results show that the tourism ecological security is relatively stable, and the overall situation is fluctuating and rising, and the advantages of the two stages are different; in the natural operation stage, during the research period, the space is irrelevant, and the cold and hot spots are expanding. In the management feedback stage, the space is related to become irrelevant, and the cold and hot spots are shrinking. The spatial distribution pattern of tourism ecological security shows a northeast southwest trend, the moving path in the natural feedback stage continues to shift to the southeast, and the management feedback stage shows an offset track of "first to the northeast and then to the southwest". The results are helpful to understand the status of tourism ecological security in different operating stages of each province (municipality), and provide some reference for formulating regional sustainable tourism development strategies.