Mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) comprising the CO₂-Philic wavelike layer of hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks (HOFs) for highly efficient blood oxygenation

Oxygenation efficiency from extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is hindered by membrane resistance and CO2/O2 selectivity in the process of gas transport through membrane. Herein, we designed a mixed matrix membrane (MMM) as an artificial lung membrane, which was prepared by blending polyphenylene oxide (PPO) with hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks (HOFs) named PFC-11. The interface interactions showed that PFC-11 and PPO had good interfacial compatibility and formed a uniform structure with great mechanical properties. The addition of PFC-11 provided additional gas transport channels for MMMs, and the special groups and atoms in the channels promoted the diffusion of CO2. The gas permeance and CO2/O2 selectivity of MMMs were effectively improved. The oxygenation performance test and liquid entry pressure measurement proved that PPO/PFC-11 MMMs had sufficient oxygenation capacity and excellent wetting-resistant ability to meet the actual ECMO application. The hemocompatibility of MMMs was evaluated by hemolysis rate and blood cell adhesion. The PPO/PFC-11 MMMs exhibited excellent performance for ECMO and provided a novel direction for the research and development of efficient artificial lung membranes.