Tight association between microbial eukaryote andImiterviralescommunities in the Pacific Arctic Ocean

SummaryViruses are important regulatory factors of marine microbial community including microeukaryotes. However, little is known about their role in the northern Chukchi Sea of the Arctic basin, which remains oligotrophic conditions in summer. To elucidate linkages of microbial eukaryotic community with viruses as well as environmental variables, we investigated the community structures of microeukaryotes (3–144 µm and 0.2–3 µm size fractions) andImitervirales(0.2–3 µm size fraction), a major group of viruses infecting marine microeukaryotes. Surface water samples were collected at 21 ocean stations located in the northeastern Chukchi Sea (NECS), an adjacent area outside the Beaufort Gyre (Adjacent Sea; AS), and two melt ponds on sea ice in the summer of 2018. At the ocean stations, nutrient concentrations were low in most of the locations expect at the shelf in the AS. The community variations were significantly correlated between eukaryotes andImitervirales, even within the NECS characterized by relatively homogeneous environmental conditions. The association of the eukaryotic community with the viral community was stronger than that with geographical and physicochemical environmental factors. These results suggest thatImiterviralesare actively infecting their hosts even in cold and oligotrophic sea water in the Arctic Ocean.