Determination of Isocitrate Dehydrogenase (IDH1) mutation in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma specimens

Abstract Introduction: Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) is a significant cause of mortality and morbidity among cancers. To date, no tools have been identified to predict the evolution of this cancer. There is an interest in recognizing new biomarkers that can help in the early detection and prediction of the clinical outcome of this cancer. Therefore, the present study evaluates the Isocitrate Dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) mutation in LSCC patients.Methods: In this study, 50 patients with LSCC were studied. Immunohistochemistry was used to assess the tissue expression of IDH1. In samples reported negative or poor positive in IHC staining, gene sequencing using the PCR technique was used to confirm the diagnosis. The relationship between IDH1 mutation and tumor differentiation, pathological tumor stage, lymph node involvement, lymphovascular and perineural involvement, tumor size, age, and sex of the patient were evaluated.Results: The mean age of patients was 61 ± 8.46 years, of which 98% were male. The frequency of IDH1 mutation was 78%. The relationship between the pathological stage and lymphovascular invasion status of the tumor and IDH1 status was not statistically significant. In contrast, the relationship between the degree of differentiation, lymphatic involvement, perineural invasion status, and IDH1 status showed a statistically significant correlation (p < 0.05).Conclusion: This study showed a high frequency of IDH1 mutation in patients with LSCC. The IDH1 mutation was also associated with more aggressive tumor behavior and perineural involvement. These findings can help refine potential treatment and monitoring strategies in LSCC patients.