Landslide disaster risk reduction through Bioengineering at Soldha, Kangra, Himachal Pradesh - A case study

Abstract Landslides is a major problem in the frontal part of the Himalayan region due to topographic variations, fragile lithology, thick overburden material, seismic activity, steep slope angle, high rate of precipitation during monsoon and anthropogenic activities. These landslides not only cause major damage to the property and life lines, but also disturb the natural fabric of the ecosystem by uprooting number of trees. Vegetation has the capability to protect the loose overburden soil by expanding their roots network and protect the soil from further erosion. The Soldha Land slide is one such zone, which had moved down slope by 30–40 m on 23rd October 2013 night after a prolonged rainfall from 15th June to 15th September 2013 and caused loss of property and ecosystem. The study of slope material shows its composition as well-graded sand and less than 30% gravels which reflected the weak and weathered condition. Since bioengineering technique is found to be very useful method in ameliorating slope stability and maintain ecological balance, therefore, the grain size and chemical analysis have been performed to understand its water holding capacity and type of nutrients and micronutrient present in the soil. The chemical parameters like pH, organic carbon, and macronutrients such as Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P), Potassium (K), and micronutrient Cu, Fe, Zn, and Mn present in soil have been determined from 55 samples to suggest the type of plant to be planted for reducing the further landslide risk in the region.